In-vitro Antiurolithiatic Activity of Kalanchoe pinnata Extract

Background: Upto date, the scientific documentation regarding in-vivo antiurolithiatic activity of Kalanchoe pinnata has been reported, although it has not reported for in-vitro antiurolithiatic activity up till now. Objective: To explore anti-urolithiatic activities of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves extract by utilizing different in-vitro models. To investigate the inhibitory effect of extract on in vitro crystallization through analyzing nucleation and aggregation assays. Material and Methods: Aqueous extract of Kalanchoe pinnata fresh leaves was prepared and arranged in the different concentrations. Homogenous precipitation method was used to prepare artificial stones such as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate and semi-permeable membrane of eggs was used as dissolution bags. Dissolution models were incubated in 72hrs and after that, the entire content in dissolution bags was estimated spectrophotometrically. The inhibitory activity of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves extract on the nucleation of calcium oxalate crystals and the rate of aggregation in calcium oxalate crystals was determined by spectrophotometric assay. Results: In dissolution models, the extract of Kalanchoe pinnata has greater capability to dissolve calcium oxalate while Cystone standard has shown better demineralization for calcium phosphate rather than extract of Kalanchoe pinnata. Cystone exhibited strongly inhibitory action in the nucleation assay rather than aggregation assay. The extract of Kalanchoe pinnata exhibited inhibitory action in both of nucleation and aggregation assays to significant level. Discussion: The present investigation will be supportive to the scientific documentation related in-vitro studies. Correlation between invitro and in-vivo studies may be helpful to understand the molecular mechanism of litholysis process and to reveal phytochemicals of the extract responsible for dissolving or disintegrating renal calculi. Conclusion: Kalanchoe pinnata extract exhibited significant in-vitro anti-urolithiatic activity.